Adding-machine



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

G. PHILLIPS. ADDING MACHINE.

7. oO .o0 1|- 2, 0.o u A d e t n nu ...E D.. w 6. 4 5, 7 6 Qu 0. N.

(No Model.) 2 Shets-Sheet 2.,

G. PHILLIPS.

ADDING MAGHINB.

No. 367,546. Patented Aug. 2, 1887. ,Z/g.

:tA PUERS. Phelmhumpher, wanhingwn. D. C.

J a time, illustrating myinventioii.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE PHILLIPS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

ADDING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 367,546, dated August2, 1887.

. Application filed November 23, 1886. Serial No. 219,625. (No model.)

v`Adding-Machines, of which the following is a specication, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to provide an adding-niachiiie which,while of conveniently small dimensions, presents all the numbers on thedials and numerator-wheels to view with perspicuity, is free fromdelicate mechanism,

and can be operated by the human tingers without the need of a separateinstrument; and to this end my improvement consists in certaincombinations of numeratorwheels, adding-wheels, and a casing for thesame having openings in the front thereof, and in the novel constructionof certain of the Wheels, hereinafter described and claimed.

Figure l of the drawings is a front view of an adding-machine for addingtwo columns at Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same through theaxes of its numerator-wheels. Fig. 3 is a front view of the interior ofthe machine, the cover of its case or frame only heilig removed. Fig. 4is a front view of the case or frame without either the cover or theadding and numerator wheels for units and tens, but showing the dials,the wheel for counting hundreds, and the principal parts of theiiiechanism for operating the latter wheel. Fig. 5 is a viewcorresponding with Fig. 3 of a simpler machine for adding only onecolumn at atime and embracing a portion only of the invention.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several'gures A designates a shallow boX having a cover, B, the said box andcover constituting the case or framing which contains within it theprincipal working parts of the machine. In the interior of the back orbottom of the boX A are two dials, G and D, of arc form, of which C isequal to one-third of a circle and is divided into ten equal divisions,numbered from l to 10, representing units. D is equal to a half-circleand is divided into ten equal divisions, numbered from 10, 20, 30, the.,to lQO, and representing tens. The face ofthe dial D is Wide enough forcach of the divisional numerals which indicate the number 10 andmultiples thereof up to 100 to be repeated several times on a radialline, as shown In Fig. 4, where there are three repetitions. In thefront or cover B of the box is an arcshaped opening, c c', opposite toand corresponding with the dial C, and another arcshaped opening, d d',opposite to aud corresponding with the dial D, the arcs of the saidopenings being each alittle larger than the arc of its respective dial,to leave room at the ends of the openings for the fingers ofthe operatorin operating the adding-wheels E F, as will be hereinafter described.

E designates the units-adding wheel, arranged within the case and havingits arbor c arranged in a bearing, 6*, provided in the latter concentricwith the dial C, and having applied to its periphery a friction-brake,b, to

prevent the machine from moving farther than I is desired whenever it isturned for adding.

` -F designates the rst nuiiierator-wlieel, arranged within the ease andhaving its arborf arranged in a bearing, f if, provided thereinconcentric with the dial D. In the example of my invention shown inFigs. l, 2, 3, 4 the numerator-wheel F serves the additional purpose ofan adding-wheel for tens as well as a numerator-wheel; but in theexample shown in Fig. 5 the said Wheel F is only a' numeratorwheel, aswill be hereinafter more fully eX- plained. The said wheels E F aregeared together by toothed gears e f,'the latter being represented onthe periphery of the wheel F itself. The numerator-wheel F has upon itsface a circular series of equally-spaced divisions, which may number onehundred or any multiple thereof, having the numerals from 0 to 99inscribed thereon, this numeration being repeated when there is morethan onehundred. In the example of the invention represented in Fig. 5the said wheel has one hundred divisions and numerals, and in the eX-ample represented in Figs. l, 2, 3, 4 it has two hundred divisions.There is an opening, a, in

The. relative number of teeth in the gears c f is immaterial, exceptthat it should besuch that while the wheel E turns a distance equal toone of the ten divisions of the dial C the wheel F turns a distanceequal to one of its own centesimal points. In the example represented inFigs. l, 2, 3, 4 the gear e has thirty teeth and f has two hundred. Inthe example Fig. 5 the gear e has thirty and f one hundred teeth.

The wheels E F, it will be seen, are entirely within the casing. Thewheel E in both cxamples is interposed between the dial C andcorrespondingopening, c c', in the case, and in the example, Figs. l, 2,3, 4, the wheel F is interposed between the dial D and the correspondingopening, d d', in the case.

The unit-adding wheelE has in it, arranged in a circle, a number ofequallyspaced holes, g, for the reception of the tip ot' one of theiingers of the operator for moving the said wheel for adding units.These holes present themselves between the dial C and the correspond ingopening, c c', of the case, so that the numbers on the said dial may beseen through the said opening c c and through the holes g, the whole tennumbers of the said dial being visible through the opening c c', and onebeing visible through each of the holes g.

To add units, the operator places the point of his finger through theopening c c in the front of the case and into the holeg opposite thenumeral on the dial C, representing the rst number of units to be added,and moves it down to the end c of the said opening, where it isarrested, and by this means the numerator-wheel F is moved the distanceof a number of its centesimal points or divisions and the number isindicated by the numeral. opposite the hole a. To add thenextnumber,this operation is repeated by inserting the finger in thehole g of the wheel E opposite the corresponding numeral on dial C, andso on for any number of figures in a column; but this wheel will onlyadd units to one hundred, and hence the wheel F, which may be termed thefirst7 numerator-wheel, is geared with a second numerator-wheel, G,whose arbor t has its bearings in the case. This wheel G- may be of anysize. It has a circle on its face divided into any number of equalparts, numbered 0, 1, 2, die., up to the whole number of the divisions,one of the numerals being visible through a hole, s, in the cover orfront B of the case, the gearing between F and G being such that thesaid wheel G will move a distance equal to one of said divisions everytime the first numerator-wheel, F, has moved a distance equal to onehundred of its divisions.

rlhe means which I propose commonly to employ for producing the movementof the second numerator-wheel,G,consists of a pin, h., secured in thefirst numerator-wheel, F, and projecting from the back thereof, aswinging yoke, II H', arranged behind the said wheel and pivoted by apin, 7i', Vto the back of the casing, a pawl, j, pivoted to said yoke,and a ratchet-wheel, l, which is secured to the back of the said WheelG, and with which said pawl is held in engagement by a spring, j',attached to the yoke. The number of teeth in the ratchet-wheelcorresponds with the number of divisions of the wheel G. A part, H', ofthe said yoke is of annular form and has in it a groove, Ir, whichreceives the piu l1 on the wheel F.. This groove is a true circle,except that it has one or more offsets, as shown at 7s in Fig. 4. Whilethe pin h is in the circular part k of the groove it holds the pawl jstationary, so that it cannot operate the ratchctwheel l to turn thesecond numerator-wheel, G, yet it allows the first numerator-wheel, F,to turn :freely in the direction ofthe arrows shown on said wheel inFigs. 3 and 5 and upon the yoke in, Fig. 4. The tongue, whichconstitutes the outer side of each said offsets 7.a', has one sideradial or abrupt, so that it will serve as a stop to the pin 7l., asshown in the upper left-hand corner of Fig. 4, and prevent the wheel Ffrom turn ing backward farther than to allow one of its zero-points toarrive opposite the opening a in the case, and hence it provides for thesaid wheel F being always set to the zero-point before commencing toadd, by turning the wheel backward by means of aknob, j, provided on thearbor f, outside the cover B, or front of the case. The opposite side ofthesaid tongue is beveled, as shown in Fig. 4, so that while the wheel Fis moved the distance of one of its centcsimal divisions a forwarddirection from the position presenting a numeral, 99, at the saidopening a to a position topresent a zeropoint, 0, at the said openingthe said pin operating on the said beveled side moves the said yoke farenough for the attached pawlj to turn the ratchet-wheel Z one tooth andno more, the second numerator-wheel, Gr, a distance of one division topresent a new and higher number at the opening s, and show that the lastaddition has carried the snm to or beyond ahund red.

The yoke might be drawn back to bring back the pawl j over one tooth bythe action of the pin hin the offset 7J; but to produce a more promptreturn a spring, m, is applied tothe yoke. A spring-pawl, m', is appliedto the ratchet-wheel to hold the wheel with its numeral opposite theholes, and a knob, i, is provided :on the arbor t outside the case, forthe purpose of setting the said wheel to zero by hand.

The number of offsets 7.1 on the yoke will be equal to the number ofhundreds ol' divisions on the first numerator-whcel, F. It will be seenthatin the example of the machine shown in Figs. il., 2, 3, 4, with twohundred divisions on the wheel F,tl1erc are two offsets, so that theoperation takes place twice during cach revo lntion of the said wheel.In the example shown in Fig. 5, there being only one hundred divisionson the wheel, it is obvious that but one offset in the yoke would benecessary.'

IOO

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So far I have only described the two examples of my invention in detailin so far as they are adapted to adding units or one column of figuresat a time, for which purpose both are operated precisely alike by meansof the units-wheel E, as described, the simpler example, Fig. 5, notbeing capable of any other operation. I will now further describe theexample shown in Figs. 1, 2, 8, 4to explain the operation for adding twocolumns. This last-mentioned machine has the dial D and thecorresponding opening, d d', in the front of the case, neither of whichis in the simpler example, and its irst numerator-wheel,which is also anadding-wheel, has in it a series of iinger-holes, g', which are like theholes g in the adding-wheel E, and through which and the opening d d thenumbers indicating tens on the dial D are visible. In order to provide anumber of holes'corresponding with the num ber of divisions of the dialand large enough to receive the tip of theiinger without making thewheel very large, the said holes, instead of being arranged all in onecircle, each one ranging with one of the eentesimal numbers on thewheel, are arranged in several concentric circles, three in the examplerepresented, corresponding with the repetitioi of the tenth numbers l0,20, 30, dto., on the dial D,and when, as for example, the hole g* inFig. l comes justin front of the lower end, d,'of the opening d d',which end serves as the finger-stop, one of each of the several tenthnumbers 10, 20, 30, Ste., will appear precisely opposite one of the saidholes.

To add tens, a nger is inserted in the hole which exposes fully to viewthe tens-number to be added.

In adding two columns with a machine like the one shown in Figs. 1, 2,3, 4, the first or units column may be first added by operating on thewheel E, and the sum of the units, if less than one hundred, will appearthrough the hole a, and if more than one hundred the hundred or hundredswill appear through thehole s and the tens and units through the hole a.The second or tens column is then added by operating on the Wheel F, andthe sum will always be visible through the hole a or the holes a s, asjust described.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

l. The combination,with the casing or frame having a dial in the backpart thereof and an opposite corresponding opening in the frontthereof,of an adding-wheel interposed between said dial and opening andhaving ringer-holes spaced to correspond with the numbered divisions onthe dial and through which the numbers of said divisions are visiblethrough the opening in the front of the case or frame, substantially asherein described.

2. The combination, in an adding-machine, of an adding-wheel havingfinger-openings arranged in two or more concentric circles, and a dialin rear of and visible through said iingeropenings and having itsdivisional numei als repeated two or more times on radial lines tocorrespond with the number of said circles in which the openings arearranged, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

4 3. The combination of the units adding wheel E, having finger-openingsg, by which to turn it, the tens-adding wheel F, geared with saidunits-adding wheel and having fingeropenings g, by which to turn it, andhaving on its face centesimal divisions of a casing having openings c cand d d', through which the said wheels are visible, and having also anopening through which is visible one of the centesimal divisions of saidwheel F, all substantially as herein described,whereby the said wheelsmay be separately used for adding columns of units and tens, as hereinset forth.

4. The combination, with the numeratorwheels F and G, of the pin h,carried by said wheel F, the ratchet-wheel l, attached to said wheel G,the swinging yoke H H', having the circular groove 7c and oiisets 7c',receiving said pin h, and the pawl j, attached -to said yoke andengaging with said ratchet-wheel l, all substantially as hereindescribed, and for the pur pose herein set forth.

GEORGE PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:

FREDK. HAYNEs, C. E. SUNDGREN.

